In comparison to other European countries, Germany has by far the highest availability of drugs. Consequently the fear is often expressed that drugs may be over-prescribed even for children and that educational measures or home remedies would often be equally effective. In particular, the issue of inappropriate prescribing of psychotropic drugs for children is often raised, even though epidemiological studies have failed to document such a practice. In a study conducted to obtain comprehensive data about the use of drugs by children, questionnaires were given to parents of children at four schools in Bavaria (2 industrial towns, 2 university towns). This anonymous inquiry was supported by the Ministry of Education and Cultural Affairs. Of the 1750 questionnaires distributed 1189 were evaluated (67.9% response rate). On an average, each child took 3.17 drugs per year, mainly for respiratory infections, fever, pain and gastrointestinal symptoms. Analgesics, nasal preparations, cough medicine, gastrointestinal medications and antibiotics were used frequently and psychotropic drugs only rarely (rank 20). For psychiatric conditions, only one child in 170 was given psychotropic drugs and only one in 108 used sedatives. Overall, drugs and home remedies were used with almost equal frequency (1.23:1). For psychiatric problems, home remedies were used three times more frequently, whereas for other problems drugs predominated. Of the parents who responded were 79.3% satisfied with the prescribed drugs; 9.1% stated that they changed the dosage of the prescribed drugs.