Motoneurons innervating the peroneus brevis muscle of 1 week- and 3 week-old kittens were retrogradely labelled by HRP and examined by electron microscopy. At 1 week the distribution of mean cell body diameters was unimodal. Consequently alpha- and gamma-motoneurons could not be identified by their size. The aim of this study was to see whether the alpha- and gamma-motoneurons of kittens could be identified using the combination of ultrastructural criteria previously defined in the adult cat. Using these three criteria it was not possible to distinguish all the motoneurons as either alpha- or gamma in the kitten and a fourth criterion (frequency of F bouton profiles) was added to aid identification. However, with these four criteria, at 1 week six of 21 motoneurons and at 3 weeks two of 18 could still not be clearly identified as alpha or gamma (four were tentatively considered to be gamma, and four could not be identified). The maturation of alpha-motoneurons between 1 week and the adult was accompanied by an increase in somatic membrane area and a significant decrease in the somatic packing density of F boutons. On gamma-motoneurons there was a decrease in the somatic packing density of F boutons between 1 and 3 weeks. However, the numbers of F and S boutons remained stable for both motoneuron types. Age-related changes in apposition and active zone lengths of F and S boutons characterize the synaptic rearrangements which are occurring during the postnatal development of motoneurons.