Intracerebral hemorrhage in blacks. Risk factors, subtypes, and outcome

Stroke. 1997 May;28(5):961-4. doi: 10.1161/01.str.28.5.961.

Abstract

Background and purpose: Blacks are at a higher risk for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) than whites; however, few data are available regarding the demographic and clinical characteristics of ICH among blacks.

Methods: We determined the frequency of risk factors, etiologic subtypes, and outcome among consecutive black patients admitted with nontraumatic ICH to a university-affiliated public hospital.

Results: The most common risk factors in the 403 black patients with ICH were preexisting hypertension (77%), alcohol use (40%), and smoking (30%). Among the 91 nonhypertensive patients, 21 (23%) were diagnosed with hypertension after onset. Compared with women, men had a younger age of onset (54 versus 60 years; P < .001) and higher frequency of alcohol use (54% versus 22%; P < .001) and smoking (39% versus 17%; P < .001). ICH secondary to hypertension (n = 311) and of undetermined etiology (n = 73) were the most common subtypes in blacks. Patients aged 65 years and older (compared with those aged 15 to 44 years; P = .001) and women (compared with men; P = .02) were more likely to be dependent at discharge.

Conclusions: Primary preventive strategies are required to reduce the high frequency of modifiable risk factors predisposing to ICH in blacks.

MeSH terms

  • Activities of Daily Living
  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Alcohol Drinking
  • Black People
  • Black or African American*
  • Cerebral Hemorrhage / ethnology*
  • Cerebral Hemorrhage / physiopathology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hypertension / etiology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors