Arterial hypertension in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients is characterized by an altered nycthemeral blood pressure (BP) rhythm and an increased pulse pressure, and it could be suggested that this association of risk factors plays a major role in the cardiovascular prognosis of this population. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of nycthemeral BP pattern on arterial distensibility and pulsatile components of BP in treated hypertensive patients on regular hemodialysis. Forty-two hypertensive patients were included, and all underwent ambulatory BP and pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurements between the femoral and carotid arteries. The patients were divided into two groups according to the magnitude of the nocturnal fall in BP: dippers and non-dippers. The groups were similar in gender, age, duration of hemodialysis, body mass index, body size, history of cardiovascular complications, class and number of antihypertensive drugs used per patient. PWV was significantly higher in non-dippers. For the whole population, a stepwise regression analysis showed that PWV and erythropoietin therapy were independently related to the impaired nycthemeral BP pattern. In addition to its pressor effect, erythropoietin could have a deleterious influence on the ambulatory BP profile of treated hypertensive patients in ESRD. Arterial distensibility and nycthemeral BP impairment are linked, and these cardiovascular risk factors should be taken into account together for the management of hypertensive hemodialysis patients.