Imaging chronic active lesions in multiple sclerosis: a consensus statement

Affiliations

• ¹ Neuroimaging Unit, Neuroimmunology Division, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
• ² Department of Neurology, Nashville VA Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
• ³ Neuroimaging Program, Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
• ⁴ Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
• ⁵ NeuroRx Research, Montréal, QC H2X 3P9, Canada.
• ⁶ Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
• ⁷ Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
• ⁸ Department of Neurology, Baltimore VA Medical Center, VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
• ⁹ Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
• ¹⁰ Division of Neurology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada.
• ¹¹ Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
• ¹² Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Endeavor, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
• ¹³ Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
• ¹⁴ Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
• ¹⁵ Department on Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
• ¹⁶ Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA.
• ¹⁷ Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
• ¹⁸ Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
• ¹⁹ Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
• ²⁰ Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
• ²¹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
• ²² International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
• ²³ Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
• ²⁴ Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
• ²⁵ Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
• ²⁶ Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
• ²⁷ Translational Neuropathology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy.